For 25 years prior to 2006, and since, the teachers in Oaxaca
have been protesting, and in fact their demonstrations continue in the Zócalo,
as we visit. Prior to 2006 the protests
usually lasted a couple of weeks. The issues in 2006 were inadequate funding
and salaries as demanded by the teachers union.
The protagonists were the union, and the Popular
Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO) which was created by a popular assembly of the
protesters, versus the state's governor, Ulises Ruiz Ortiz. In 2006 the union
demanded the resignation of the Governor, and in May the government responded
with police against the non-violent protesters with the protesters being fired
upon. This resulted in the creation of APPO, which has never been able to
negotiate an agreement with the government.
In mid-June another violent confrontation occurred between
3000 police and the protesters resulting in over 100 hospitalizations. The Governor refused to resign. APPO declared itself to be the governing body
of Oaxaca, and started putting up barricades on the downtown streets of
Oaxaca. In August the union took over
the television and radio stations and Governor Ulises Ruis left and stayed in
Mexico City for several months. (He remained in office until November 30, 2010;
see info about his tenure and controversies at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulises_Ruiz) On October 26, U.S. journalist Brad Will was
killed in Oaxaca. On October 29-30 about
3,500 federal police and 3000 military police removed protesters in downtown
Oaxaca's Zócalo, with a backup of 5,000 army troops waiting just outside the
city. Several protestors and leaders
were killed.
“On Saturday, November 25, 2006, a large clash between the
federal police and demonstrators occurred in the evening following the seventh
megamarch held by the APPO. The march began peacefully, but the situation
turned violent when the police responded with tear gas and rubber bullets as
protesters attempted to encircle the city's Zócalo. It is unclear who
instigated the violence, but the clash quickly spread through the city as
protesters fought back with rocks and homemade PVC rockets. Police took the
APPO encampment in the Santo Domingo plaza and arrested more than 160 people.
Many APPO supporters were hospitalized, and the deaths of three protesters were
reported but remain unconfirmed.” (Copied from Wikipedia)
In late November, the Chief of the Federal police said that
no more violence, nor the conduct of APPO would be tolerated. Soon after, APPO
removed their barricades, left the radio stations, and their leaders went into
hiding. By early December the protests
had come to an end after seven months.
The aftermath of the protests and violence was a near total devastation
of the tourist industry in Oaxaca, which has taken many years to rebuild.
(Much of this article is a shortened and paraphrased version
of the Wikipedia history of the protests.
For much more detail and referrals to information about the key players,
events, and politics visit:
Post Script:
As our stay in Oaxaca comes to an end, the national news about education
in Mexico is becoming very interesting.
New Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto got a sweeping education reform
bill passed. This new policy is intended
to restructure teacher selection and review based on performance, not
inheritance and history. The President
of the largest teachers union (National Education Workers Union) who is Elba
Esther Gordillo and has held the post 1989, said recently (paraphrasing), the
current education system will be changed over my dead body. On February 26, 2013, Mexican President Nieto
signed the new law. On February 27, Gordillo and two other union leaders were
arrested for embezzlement of millions of dollars of union funds. Because of the
seriousness of the crimes no bail has yet been allowed. This will be an interesting story to follow
in the International Press.
Elba Esther Gordillo
(Photo copyright The News - Mexico City English online newspaper)
Quirky Living
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